8.兼容性
TS中的兼容性,主要看结构是否兼容。(核心是考虑安全性)
一.基本数据类型的兼容性
let temp:string | number;
let num!:number;
temp = num;
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你要的我有就可以
let num:{
toString():string
}
let str:string = 'zf';
num = str; // 字符串中具备toString()方法,所以可以进行兼容
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二.接口兼容性
interface IAnimal {
name: string,
age: number
}
interface IPerson {
name: string,
age: number,
address: string
}
let animal: IAnimal;
let person: IPerson = {
name: 'zf',
age: 11,
address: '回龙观'
};
animal = person;
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接口的兼容性,只要满足接口中所需要的类型即可!
三.函数的兼容性
函数的兼容性主要是比较参数和返回值
参数
let sum1 = (a: string, b: string) => a + b; let sum2 = (a: string) => a; sum1 = sum2
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3赋值函数的参数要少于等于被赋值的函数,与对象相反,例如:
type Func<T> = (item: T, index: number) => void function forEach<T>(arr: T[], cb: Func<T>) { for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { cb(arr[i], i); } } forEach([1, 2, 3], (item) => { console.log(item); });
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9返回值
type sum1 = () => string | number type sum2 = () => string; let fn1: sum1; let fn2!: sum2; fn1 = fn2;
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四.函数的逆变与协变
函数的参数是逆变的,返回值是协变的 (在非严格模式下函数的参数是双向协变的)
class Parent {
address: string = '回龙观'
}
class Child extends Parent {
money: number = 100
}
class Grandsom extends Child {
name: string = '吉姆';
}
type Callback = (person: Child) => Child
function execCallback(cb: Callback) { }
let fn = (person: Parent) => new Grandsom;
execCallback(fn);
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通过这个案例可以说明,函数参数可以接收父类,返回值可以返回子类
五.类的兼容性
class Perent {
name: string = 'zf';
age: number = 11
}
class Parent1 {
name: string = 'zf';
age: number = 11
}
let parent: Perent = new Parent1
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这里要注意的是,只要有private或者protected关键字类型就会不一致;但是继承的类可以兼容
class Parent1 {
protected name: string = 'zf';
age: number = 11
}
class Child extends Parent1{}
let child:Parent1 = new Child;
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六.泛型的兼容性
interface IT<T>{}
let obj1:IT<string>;
let obj2!:IT<number>;
obj1 = obj2;
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七.枚举的兼容性
enum USER1 {
role = 1
}
enum USER2 {
role = 1
}
let user1!:USER1
let user2!:USER2
user1 = user2 // 错误语法
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不同的枚举类型不兼容