珠峰架构师成长计划

1.什么是gulp #

gulp是可以自动化执行任务的工具在平时开发的流程里面,一定有一些任务需要手工重复得执行，比如:
- 把文件从开发目录拷贝到生产目录
- 把多个 JS 或者 CSS 文件合并成一个文件
- 对JS文件和CSS进行压缩
- 把sass或者less文件编译成CSS
- 压缩图像文件
- 创建一个可以实时刷新页面内容的本地服务器
  
  只要你觉得有些动作是要重复去做的,就可以把这些动作创建成一个gulp任务,然后在指定的条件下自动执行

2. gulp特点 #

易于使用通过代码优于配置的策略,Gulp 让简单的任务简单，复杂的任务可管理
快速构建利用 node.js 流的威力,你可以快速构建项目并减少频繁的 IO 操作
高质量的插件 Gulp 严格的插件指南确保插件如你期望的那样简洁地工作
易于学习通过最少的 API，掌握 gulp 毫不费力，构建工作尽在掌握

3. 安装gulp #

quick-start

npm install --g gulp-cli
npm install --save-dev gulp

4. 异步任务和组合任务 #

gulpfile.js

const fs = require('fs');
const through = require('through2');
const { series, parallel } = require('gulp');
function callbackTask(done) {
    setTimeout(() => {
        console.log('callbackTask');
        done();
    }, 1000);
}
function promiseTask() {
    return new Promise((resolve) => {
        setTimeout(() => {
            console.log('promiseTask');
            resolve();
        }, 1000);
    });
}
async function asyncTask() {
    await new Promise((resolve) => {
        setTimeout(() => {
            resolve();
        }, 1000);
    });
    console.log('asyncTask');
}
function streamTask() {
    return fs.createReadStream('input.txt')
        .pipe(through((chunk, encoding, next) => {
            setTimeout(() => {
                next(null, chunk);
            }, 1000);
        }))
        .pipe(fs.createWriteStream('output.txt'))
}

const parallelTask = parallel(callbackTask, promiseTask, asyncTask, streamTask);
const seriesTask = series(callbackTask, promiseTask, asyncTask, streamTask);
exports.callback = callbackTask
exports.promise = promiseTask
exports.async = asyncTask
exports.stream = streamTask
exports.parallel = parallelTask
exports.series = seriesTask

5. gulp核心API #

5.1 gulp.src() #

gulp.src()方法正是用来获取流的
注意这个流里的内容不是原始的文件流,而是一个虚拟文件对象流
globs 参数是文件匹配模式(类似正则表达式)，用来匹配文件路径(包括文件名)，当然这里也可以直接指定某个具体的文件路径。当有多个匹配模式时，该参数可以为一个数组
options 为可选参数

gulp.src(globs[, options])

5.2 gulp.dest() #

gulp.dest()是用来向硬盘写入文件的
- path 为写入文件的路径
- options 为一个可选的参数对象
gulp.dest()传入的路径参数只能用来指定要生成的文件的目录,而不能指定生成文件的文件名它生成文件的文件名使用的是导入到它的文件流自身的文件名所以生成的文件名是由导入到它的文件流决定的
gulp.dest(path)生成的文件路径是我们传入的path参数后面再加上gulp.src()中有通配符开始出现的那部分路径
通过指定gulp.src()方法配置参数中的base属性，我们可以更灵活的来改变gulp.dest()生成的文件路径

gulp.dest(path[,options])

5.3 pipe #

gulpfile.js

const { src, dest } = require('gulp');
function copyTask() {
    console.log('执行拷贝任务');
    return src('src/**/*.js').pipe(dest('dist'));
}
exports.default = copyTask;

6. gulp实战 #

6.1 安装 #

cnpm install @babel/core @babel/preset-env browser-sync gulp gulp-babel gulp-clean gulp-clean-css gulp-ejs gulp-htmlmin gulp-if gulp-imagemin gulp-less gulp-load-plugins gulp-uglify gulp-useref gulp-watch map-stream bootstrap jquery --save

6.2 编译样式 #

const { src, dest } = require('gulp');
const less = require('gulp-less');
const styles = () => {
    return src("src/styles/*.less", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(less())
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

exports.styles = styles;

6.3 编译脚本 #

const { src, dest } = require('gulp');
const less = require('gulp-less');
const babel = require('gulp-babel');
const styles = () => {
    return src("src/styles/*.less", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(less())
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

+const scripts = () => {
+    return src("src/scripts/*.js", { base: 'src' })
+        .pipe(babel({
+            presets: ["@babel/preset-env"]
+        }))
+        .pipe(dest('dist'))
+}

exports.styles = styles;
+exports.scripts = scripts;

6.4 编译html #

6.4.1 src\index.html #

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title><%=title%></title>
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css"/>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles/main.css"/>
</head>
<body>
    <button class="btn btn-danger">按钮</button>
    <img src="assets/images/circle.svg"/>
    <img src="rect.svg"/>
    <script src="node_modules/jquery/dist/jquery.js"></script>
    <script src="scripts/main.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

6.4.2 circle.svg #

src\assets\images\circle.svg

<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg width="100" height="100" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
 <circle cx="50" cy="50" r="50"  fill="red"/>
</svg>

6.4.3 static\rect.svg #

static\rect.svg

<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg width="100" height="100" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
 <rect  width="100" height="100" style="fill:red;"/>
</svg>

6.4.4 gulpfile.js #

const { src, dest, parallel } = require('gulp');
const less = require('gulp-less');
const babel = require('gulp-babel');
const ejs = require('gulp-ejs');
const styles = () => {
    return src("src/styles/*.less", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(less())
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

const scripts = () => {
    return src("src/scripts/*.js", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(babel({
            presets: ["@babel/preset-env"]
        }))
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

+const html = () => {
+    return src("src/*.html", { base: 'src' })
+        .pipe(ejs({ title: 'gulp' }))
+        .pipe(dest('dist'))
+}
exports.styles = styles;
exports.scripts = scripts;
+exports.html = html;

6.5 编译任务 #

const { src, dest, parallel } = require('gulp');
const less = require('gulp-less');
const babel = require('gulp-babel');
const ejs = require('gulp-ejs');
const styles = () => {
    return src("src/styles/*.less", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(less())
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

const scripts = () => {
    return src("src/scripts/*.js", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(babel({
            presets: ["@babel/preset-env"]
        }))
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

const html = () => {
    return src("src/*.html", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(ejs({ title: 'gulp' }))
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}
+const compile = parallel(styles, scripts, html);
exports.styles = styles;
exports.scripts = scripts;
exports.html = html;
+exports.compile = compile;

6.6 压缩图片 #

6.6.1 安装 #

npm install gulp-imagemin --save-dev
npm install imagemin-jpegtran imagemin-svgo imagemin-gifsicle imagemin-optipng --save-dev

6.6.2 gulpfile.js #

const { src, dest, parallel } = require('gulp');
const less = require('gulp-less');
const babel = require('gulp-babel');
const ejs = require('gulp-ejs');
const styles = () => {
    return src("src/styles/*.less", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(less())
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

const scripts = () => {
    return src("src/scripts/*.js", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(babel({
            presets: ["@babel/preset-env"]
        }))
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

const html = () => {
    return src("src/*.html", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(ejs({ title: 'gulp' }))
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

+const images = async () => {
+    let imagemin = await import('gulp-imagemin');
+    return src("src/assets/images/**/*.@(jpg|png|gif|svg)", { base: 'src' })
+        .pipe(imagemin.default())
+        .pipe(dest('dist'))
+}

const compile = parallel(styles, scripts, html);
exports.styles = styles;
exports.scripts = scripts;
exports.html = html;
exports.compile = compile;
+exports.images = images;

6.7 拷贝静态文件 #

const { src, dest, parallel } = require('gulp');
const less = require('gulp-less');
const babel = require('gulp-babel');
const ejs = require('gulp-ejs');
const styles = () => {
    return src("src/styles/*.less", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(less())
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

const scripts = () => {
    return src("src/scripts/*.js", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(babel({
            presets: ["@babel/preset-env"]
        }))
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

const html = () => {
    return src("src/*.html", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(ejs({ title: 'gulp' }))
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

const images = async () => {
    let imagemin = await import('gulp-imagemin');
    return src("src/assets/images/**/*.@(jpg|png|gif|svg)", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(imagemin.default())
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

+const static = async () => {
+    return src("static/**", { base: 'static' })
+        .pipe(dest('dist'))
+}

const compile = parallel(styles, scripts, html);
+const build = parallel(compile, static)
exports.styles = styles;
exports.scripts = scripts;
exports.html = html;
exports.compile = compile;
exports.images = images;
+exports.static = static;
+exports.build = build;

6.8 删除输出目录 #

const { src, dest, parallel, series } = require('gulp');
const less = require('gulp-less');
const babel = require('gulp-babel');
const ejs = require('gulp-ejs');
+const gulpClean = require('gulp-clean');
const styles = () => {
    return src("src/styles/*.less", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(less())
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

const scripts = () => {
    return src("src/scripts/*.js", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(babel({
            presets: ["@babel/preset-env"]
        }))
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

const html = () => {
    return src("src/*.html", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(ejs({ title: 'gulp' }))
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

const images = async () => {
    let imagemin = await import('gulp-imagemin');
    return src("src/assets/images/**/*.@(jpg|png|gif|svg)", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(imagemin.default())
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

const static = async () => {
    return src("static/**", { base: 'static' })
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}
+const clean =  () => {
+    return src("dist/**", { read: false })
+        .pipe(gulpClean())
+}
const compile = parallel(styles, scripts, html);
+const build = series(clean, parallel(compile, static));
exports.styles = styles;
exports.scripts = scripts;
exports.html = html;
exports.compile = compile;
exports.images = images;
exports.static = static;
exports.build = build;
+exports.clean = clean;

6.9 自动加载插件 #

const { src, dest, parallel, series } = require('gulp');
-const less = require('gulp-less');
-const babel = require('gulp-babel');
-const ejs = require('gulp-ejs');
-const gulpClean = require('gulp-clean');
+const plugins = require('gulp-load-plugins')();
const styles = () => {
    return src("src/styles/*.less", { base: 'src' })
+       .pipe(plugins.less())
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

const scripts = () => {
    return src("src/scripts/*.js", { base: 'src' })
+       .pipe(plugins.babel({
            presets: ["@babel/preset-env"]
        }))
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

const html = () => {
    return src("src/*.html", { base: 'src' })
+       .pipe(plugins.ejs({ title: 'gulp' }))
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

const images = async () => {
     let imagemin = await import('gulp-imagemin');
    return src("src/assets/images/**/*.@(jpg|png|gif|svg)", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(imagemin.default())
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

const static = async () => {
    return src("static/**", { base: 'static' })
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}
const clean =  () => {
    return src("dist/**", { read: false })
+       .pipe(plugins.clean())
}
const compile = parallel(styles, scripts, html);
const build = series(clean, parallel(compile, static));
exports.styles = styles;
exports.scripts = scripts;
exports.html = html;
exports.compile = compile;
exports.images = images;
exports.static = static;
exports.build = build;
exports.clean = clean;

6.10 开发服务器 #

6.10.1 gulpfile.js #

const { src, dest, parallel, series } = require('gulp');
const plugins = require('gulp-load-plugins')();
+const browserSync = require('browser-sync');
+const path = require('path');
const styles = () => {
    return src("src/styles/*.less", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(plugins.less())
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

const scripts = () => {
    return src("src/scripts/*.js", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(plugins.babel({
            presets: ["@babel/preset-env"]
        }))
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

const html = () => {
    return src("src/*.html", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(plugins.ejs({ title: 'gulp' }))
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

const images = async () => {
    let imagemin = await import('gulp-imagemin');
    return src("src/assets/images/**/*.@(jpg|png|gif|svg)", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(imagemin.default())
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

const static = async () => {
    return src("static/**", { base: 'static' })
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}
const clean = () => {
    return src("dist/**", { read: false })
        .pipe(plugins.clean())
}
+const serve = () => {
+    return browserSync.create().init({
+        notify: false,
+        server: {
+            baseDir: 'dist',
+            routes: {
+                '/node_modules': path.resolve('node_modules')
+            }
+        }
+    });
+}
const compile = parallel(styles, scripts, html);
const build = series(clean, parallel(compile, static));
exports.styles = styles;
exports.scripts = scripts;
exports.html = html;
exports.compile = compile;
exports.images = images;
exports.static = static;
exports.build = build;
exports.clean = clean;
+exports.serve = serve;

6.10.2 main.js #

src\scripts\main.js

let sum = (a, b) => a + b;
sum(1, 3)
+$(() => {
+    console.log('jquery');
+});

6.11 监听文件变化 #

6.11.1 gulpfile.js #

const { src, dest, parallel, series, watch } = require('gulp');
const plugins = require('gulp-load-plugins')();
const browserSync = require('browser-sync');
const path = require('path');
+const browserServer = browserSync.create();
const styles = () => {
    return src("src/styles/*.less", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(plugins.less())
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

const scripts = () => {
    return src("src/scripts/*.js", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(plugins.babel({
            presets: ["@babel/preset-env"]
        }))
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

const html = () => {
    return src("src/*.html", { base: 'src' })
+       .pipe(plugins.ejs({ title: 'gulp' }, { cache: false }))
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

const images = async () => {
    let imagemin = await import('gulp-imagemin');
    return src("src/assets/images/**/*.@(jpg|png|gif|svg)", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(imagemin.default())
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

const static = async () => {
    return src("static/**", { base: 'static' })
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}
const clean = () => {
    return src("dist/**", { read: false })
        .pipe(plugins.clean())
}
const serve = () => {
+   watch("src/styles/*.less", styles);
+   watch("src/scripts/*.js", scripts);
+   watch("src/*.html", html);
+   watch([
+       "src/assets/images/**/*.@(jpg|png|gif|svg)",
+       "static/**"
+   ], browserServer.reload);
    return browserServer.init({
        notify: false,
+       files: ['dist/**'],
        server: {
+           baseDir: ['dist', 'src', 'static'],
            routes: {
                '/node_modules': path.resolve('node_modules')
            }
        }
    });
}
const compile = parallel(styles, scripts, html);
+const build = series(clean, parallel(compile, images, static));
+const dev = series(clean, compile, serve);
exports.styles = styles;
exports.scripts = scripts;
exports.html = html;
exports.compile = compile;
exports.images = images;
exports.static = static;
exports.clean = clean;
exports.serve = serve;
+exports.build = build;
+exports.dev = dev;

6.12. 合并和压缩 #

6.12.1 src\index.html #

src\index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title><%=title%></title>
+   <!-- build:css styles/dist.css  -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css"/>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles/main.css"/>
+   <!-- endbuild -->
</head>
<body>
    <button class="btn btn-danger">按钮</button>
    <img src="assets/images/circle.svg"/>
    <img src="rect.svg"/>
+   <!-- build:js scripts/dist.js  -->
    <script src="node_modules/jquery/dist/jquery.js"></script>
    <script src="scripts/main.js"></script>
+   <!-- endbuild -->
</body>
</html>

6.12.2 gulpfile.js #

const { src, dest, parallel, series, watch } = require('gulp');
const plugins = require('gulp-load-plugins')();
const browserSync = require('browser-sync');
const path = require('path');
const browserServer = browserSync.create();
const styles = () => {
    return src("src/styles/*.less", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(plugins.less())
+       .pipe(dest('temp'))
}

const scripts = () => {
    return src("src/scripts/*.js", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(plugins.babel({
            presets: ["@babel/preset-env"]
        }))
+       .pipe(dest('temp'))
}

const html = () => {
    return src("src/*.html", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(plugins.ejs({ title: 'gulp' }, { cache: false }))
+       .pipe(dest('temp'))
}

const images = async () => {
    let imagemin = await import('gulp-imagemin');
    return src("src/assets/images/**/*.@(jpg|png|gif|svg)", { base: 'src' })
        .pipe(imagemin.default())
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}

const static = async () => {
    return src("static/**", { base: 'static' })
        .pipe(dest('dist'))
}
const clean = () => {
+   return src(["dist/**", "temp/**"], { read: false })
+       .pipe(plugins.clean({ allowEmpty: true }));
}
const serve = () => {
    watch("src/styles/*.less", styles);
    watch("src/scripts/*.js", scripts);
    watch("src/*.html", html);
    watch([
        "src/assets/images/**/*.@(jpg|png|gif|svg)",
        "static/**"
    ], browserServer.reload);
    return browserServer.init({
        notify: false,
        files: ['dist/**'],
        server: {
+           baseDir: ['temp', 'src', 'static'],
            routes: {
                '/node_modules': path.resolve('node_modules')
            }
        }
    });
}

+const concat = () => {
+    return src('temp/*.html', { base: 'temp' })
+        .pipe(plugins.useref({
+            searchPath: ['temp', '.']
+        }))
+        .pipe(plugins.if('*.html', plugins.htmlmin({
+            collapseWhitespace: true,
+            minifyCSS: true,
+            minifyJS: true
+        })))
+        .pipe(plugins.if('*.js', plugins.uglify()))
+        .pipe(plugins.if('*.css', plugins.cleanCss()))
+        .pipe(dest('dist'));
+}

const compile = parallel(styles, scripts, html);
+const build = series(clean, parallel(series(compile, concat), images, static));
const dev = series(clean, compile, serve);
-exports.styles = styles;
-exports.scripts = scripts;
-exports.html = html;
-exports.compile = compile;
-exports.images = images;
-exports.static = static;
-exports.serve = serve;
-exports.concat = concat;
-exports.clean = clean;
-exports.build = build;
-exports.dev = dev;

+module.exports = {
+    clean,
+    build,
+    dev
+}

7. 参考知识 #

7.1 glob #

gulp内部使用了node-glob模块来实现其文件匹配功能

7.1.1 glob规则 #

匹配符	说明
*	匹配文件路径中的0个或多个字符，但不会匹配路径分隔符
**	匹配路径中的0个或多个目录及其子目录
?	匹配文件路径中的一个字符(不会匹配路径分隔符)
[...]	匹配方括号中出现的字符中的任意一个，当方括号中第一个字符为^或!时，则表示不匹配方括号中出现的其他字符中的任意一个
!(pattern1	pattern2	pattern3)	匹配任何与括号中给定的任一模式都不匹配的
?(pattern1	pattern2	pattern3)	匹配括号中给定的任一模式0次或1次，类似于js正则中的(pattern1	pattern2	pattern3)?
+(pattern1	patter2n	pattern3)	匹配括号中给定的任一模式至少1次，类似于js正则中的(pattern1	pattern2	pattern3)+
(pattern1	pattern2	pattern3)	匹配括号中给定的任一模式0次或多次，类似于js正则中的(pattern1	pattern2	pattern3)*
@(pattern1	pattern2	pattern3)	匹配括号中给定的任一模式1次，类似于js正则中的(pattern1	pattern2	pattern3)

7.1.2 glob示例 #

glob	匹配
*	能匹配 a.js,x.y,abc,abc/,但不能匹配a/b.js
.	a.js,style.css,a.b,x.y
//*.js	能匹配 a/b/c.js,x/y/z.js,不能匹配a/b.js,a/b/c/d.js
**	能匹配 abc,a/b.js,a/b/c.js,x/y/z,x/y/z/a.b,能用来匹配所有的目录和文件
a/**/z	能匹配 a/z,a/b/z,a/b/c/z,a/d/g/h/j/k/z
a/**b/z	能匹配 a/b/z,a/sb/z,但不能匹配a/x/sb/z,因为只有单**单独出现才能匹配多级目录
?.js	能匹配 a.js,b.js,c.js
a??	能匹配 a.b,abc,但不能匹配ab/,因为它不会匹配路径分隔符
[xyz].js	只能匹配 x.js,y.js,z.js,不会匹配xy.js,xyz.js等,整个中括号只代表一个字符
[^xyz].js	能匹配 a.js,b.js,c.js等,不能匹配x.js,y.js,z.js